CAM: A New Semantic and Structural XML Validation Technology Brian M. Carey, IBM developerWorks

"XML documents are frequently validated against either a DTD or an XML schema. Recently, a new technology called Content Assembly Mechanism (CAM) has emerged. It is endorsed by the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). CAM represents a step up from XML schema because it provides even more flexibility in defining both the semantics of an XML document and the business rules associated with the actual data content...

One advantage of CAM over XSD is that localization needs are more easily enforced with CAM. With XSD, enumerations are static and, therefore, cannot be made context-aware. However, with CAM, you can apply particular enumerations based on context values. In the emerging global marketplace, the need for such streamlined validation should be self-explanatory... CAM templates also provide next-generation Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) support. CAM supports business processing technologies such as Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), Business Process Specification Schema (BPSS), and Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) modeling tools..."

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/x-cam/index.html